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What is a complex partial seizure and how should it be managed in first aid?

A complex partial seizure—also called a focal impaired awareness seizure—begins in one part of the brain but affects awareness and responsiveness. During the seizure, the person may appear awake but will not respond normally to their environment and may seem confused or detached. They may perform repetitive, automatic movements such as lip smacking, chewing, fiddling with clothing, or wandering aimlessly.

Complex partial seizures typically last between 30 seconds and 2 minutes, but recovery may take longer, leaving the person tired, confused, or unable to recall what happened. They may also experience unusual sensations beforehand, known as an aura, which can be a warning sign of the seizure.

In first aid, the priority is to keep the person safe from harm. Move dangerous objects out of the way and gently guide them from hazardous areas (such as roads or water). Do not try to restrain them or forcibly stop their movements, as this can lead to injury. Once the seizure has ended, reassure the person, stay with them until they are fully aware, and offer a quiet, safe space to recover.

Call 000 if:

  • The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.
  • Another seizure occurs without recovery in between.
  • The person is injured, pregnant, or has diabetes.
  • This is their first known seizure.

Understanding complex partial seizures helps ensure the person is protected and supported without unnecessary intervention, allowing for a safe recovery.

Complex partial seizures cause confusion, unresponsiveness, and repetitive movements, often without memory of the event.

Signs and symptoms:

  • Blank stare or unresponsiveness

  • Confusion or disorientation

  • Repetitive movements (e.g., lip smacking, fiddling with clothes)

  • Wandering or aimless walking

  • No memory of the event afterwards

First aid for complex partial seizures:

  • Stay with the person and keep them safe from hazards.

  • Do not restrain their movements.

  • Gently guide them away from danger.

  • Reassure them as they regain awareness.

  • Call 000 if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, is followed by another seizure, or the person is injured.

Takeaway to Remember

A complex partial seizure starts in one area of the brain and causes impaired awareness. The person may perform unusual automatic movements and appear confused or unaware of their surroundings.